The art of weaving rugs and carpets was introduced in Turkeyduring the time of the Seljuk Empire around 11^th century. The rug craft came first to Anatolia. 18 carpets and fragments have survived to present days and are known as Seljuk Origin fragments. Eight of these carpets were discovered in the Aladdin Mosque in the town of Konya – the former capital of Anatolian Seljuk. The oldest surviving Seljuk carpets are dated from the 13^th –14^th centuries.

Obviously, carpet weaving has long history and traditions inTurkey. The Turkish carpets are know as “Kilims” and they are one of the biggest competitors of Iranian (Persian) “Gelims”.

Turkish rugs have excellent quality and design. Both flat weaves and pile weaves are used. The rugs are mainly woollen as they appear to be used as protection from cold. Therefore they are more than an art – they are a way of life. The specialists determine the Turkish rug motifs as special language, developed by several generations. The weavers, mainly women, had used the carpets patterns for expression of their life, emotions and dreams. The rugs from different regions, though using different symbols, speak the same language… Sheep’s eyes, knifes and the “hands on hips” motif, a very old symbol denoting female fertility, are among the frequently seen motifs on the Turkish rugs.

Because of the extreme low temperatures inAnatoliaand other regions, the Turkish rug craft was mainly focused on the weaving of woollen carpets (both from sheep and goats wool). Cotton threads are traditionally used as a foundation, while the pile is from wool spun yarns. There are samples of silk carpets as well, but woollen carpets are the traditional ones.

The traditional kilims are flat rugs. Their design is created by using weft threads with different colours. The woven technique used is very interesting as well: the two weft threads of different colours do not join or cross, thus forming slits between the wefts.

The quality of the wool used in Turkish carpets varies depending on the sheep breed, the climate and season of the shearing. Sheep flocks leaving in warm and dry places give wool with less strength and elongation possibilities. High quality wool is obtained from healthy and well-fed sheep, which leave in cold and wet regions.

Wool yarns are hand-spun by using primitive utensils called kirmen (drop spindle) and by spinning wheels. The yarns are died with natural dyes.

There are different places inTurkeywhere the craft of rug weaving is developed and have long traditions, to mention only:Antalya,Bergama, Hereke, Taspinar, Milas,kars,Kayseri, Yagcibedir, etc.

Turkmen carpets are variety of Turkish kilims. Turkmen is a Turkish clan, which lives today inTurkmenistanandUzbekistanas well as northern parts ofIranandAfghanistan. The art of Turkmen carpets descend from the Turkish artisans and there are several artefacts that the bigger and stronger Turkmen clans developed rug weaving in ancient times.

General pattern of Turkmen carpet shows no important evolution. It is considered that Turkmen motifs preserve in their primary static state, as the oldest carpet in the world, have the same weaving style: repetitive images on a single colour background.

If you are owner of a Turkish kilim, you may ensure its proper maintenance. Ask the sellers for details about cleaning and care as well as look for professionals in the field of carpet cleaning. This way a small keepsake of the Seljuk Empire will continue leaving at your home.

Free Guide On Carpet Cleaning Here

Oriental wool rugs

The group of oriental rugs includes rugs coming from a broad geographical region starting from China and Vietnam in the east, to Turkey and Iran in the west and the Caucasus from the north to India in the south. People from different cultures, countries, racial groups and religions are involved in the production of oriental rugs. By their country of origin the rugs can be divided into Persian rugs, Anatolian (Turkish) rugs, Kurdish rugs, Caucasian rugs, Central Asian rugs, Turkestan rugs, Chinese rugs and Tibetan rugs.

The region of Turkey, Iran (Persia) and China are specifically called the “carpet belt”. It is considered that the production of piled carpets via knotting has appeared as a nomadic craft and therefore has been spread with nomads. The authentic oriental rugs are handmade. As a nomadic craft, they have been primarily made of sheep and goat wool. Furthermore they have developed towards application of finer or shorter yarns. The finest wool fibres come from Turkey and Persia. Khorasan and Kirman are also famous for their fine and velvety wool, used in production of rugs with soft handle.

The wool from the Caucasus and Central Asia is stronger, being at the same time suitable for production f wool rugs with lustrous pile. Oriental wool rugs are either piled carpets with knots or woven carpets without pile. The specialists consider that any other way of production, which includes machines, does not lead to production of authentic oriental carpets. The pile is made from wool, but silk yarns may be used in some knots for highlights. Cotton threads form the most common foundation for knotted rugs.

The Persian weaving traditions influence the wool rug weaving in many countries. Indian patterns, for example, are very similar to the used in Persian rugs, with slight Indian variations. However there is a big difference in the material used: the fibres in the wool spun yarns used in Indian rugs are coarser than that used in Persian rugs. Pakistani rugs have the same origin.

Iran and Turkey are known for the best quality piled oriental wool rugs. The motifs used in the rugs reflect the real life of the particular village where the carpet was woven. The wool rugs from Afghanistan remind the rugs made in Caucasus and Turkey. Caucasian rugs come from the region northwest of Iran and reflect a complex culture and ethnography. Chinese and Tibetan rugs look altogether different due to difference in the wool and types of knots. The motifs are also different due to the influence of Buddhism and Taoism. The quality of the piled rug depends on the knot density. As greater is the number of knots, as compact is the pile and higher the quality. Usually the knots density is measured in kpsi, which means number of knots in square inch.

A very good quality knotted wool rug may have from 330 knots per square inch. Having such a rug of high quality you need perfect maintenance. Together with the regular vacuum cleaning you have to think about professional care in order to enjoy as much as possible the cosiness of having oriental wool rug at your home.

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Iranian carpets

Speaking in modern time about Iranian carpets, actually former Persian carpets are foreseen. Everything concerning way of manufacturing, design, materials used and woven techniques come form ancient times and the culture and traditions of Persia. Therefore the Iranian carpet, called Gelim, is truly considered as the oldest flow covering in the world. Not only because of the fairy-tales stories Iran is synonym of carpets and rugs. Traditionally, the Iranian rugs are made from wool, with cotton warp threads. They are plane or with pile. The wefts and the pile are made from wool yarns, preliminary dyed in order to create the colored pattern. Both vertical and horizontal looms are used for weaving. There could be modifications of the Persian gelim with pile, called as well Persian knotted gelim: both warp and weft threads could be made from cotton fibers and only the pile threads to be woolen or silk ones. Patterns are very different and depend mainly on the particular place of origin or the traditions of the particular nomad tribe.

The most productive period in the history of carpets and rugs craft in Perisa was between 15th and 17th centuries. A capital of the country was the city of Isfahan, situated in the western parts of Central Iran. Even today Isfahan carpets are famous by their quality. The typical design includes deep red and blue colors among total number of 15 colors per carpet. The background is in light ivory. Usually a centrally placed medallion is surrounded by floral motifs. Typical for the very old Isfahan carpets is the use of cotton yarns as warp and weft thread. Later silk yarns replace the cotton warp while the weft is made by both wool and silk fibers (rarely cotton fibers). The knot rugs use soft wool for the pile, which is between 120 to 840 knots per square inch. Another famous by its carpets and rugs

Persian town is Bakhshaish. The typical design of Bakhshaish rugs includes the so-called Herati pattern with central medallion and “tortoise” border. By contrast with Isfahan carpets several geometrical motifs are used here. The clean symmetry is the most distinguished for Bakhshaish rugs. Their colours are very typical: the medallion is made by yarns with bright colors, while the background involves lighter colours. The weft and warp yarns are spun from wool or cotton. The pile is woollen. The knots are very tight, which makes the rugs extremely stable in wearing out.

Another place in Iran, famous with the production of Persian carpets is the town of Bidjar, situated in Kurdistan. The most important characteristics of Bidjat rugs is their durability and weight, therefore they are known as “the iron rugs”. The Herati design is frequently used as well as geometrical and curvilinear patterns. The colour palette includes ochre, navy, orange, beige and ivory, cherry red, brown, light blue, pink, yellow. The pile of Bidjar rugs is distinguished for being higher, compared with other Iranean rugs. Very high quality wool fibres are used for the pile.

The foundation of very old carpets was made by wool threads as well. The most important here is the technology of beating up the knots row. The beating is very strong, which makes the carpet very tight. On the other hand, the beating provokes high tension in both warp and weft threads. This precondition the requirement that Bidjar rugs cannot be folded, but only rolled, if needed. Having such a high quality Persian carpet is expensive and at the same time very big pleasure. You have to take care for proper cleaning and professional maintenance in order to enjoy it for very long time. This way you will experience every day the oriental fairy-tale stories about he Persian flying carpets… staying at your home.

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NHS Bill 2012 & Cleaning

Its was nice to hear the prime minister at question time this week report that infections are down in hospitals but for how long? Cleaning is fundamental to hospitals but so is this drive to save money. So can they find middle ground? Winners of cleaning contacts have always been picked on the cheapest but is this the best way?

Should cleaning contacts be picked on value? Price is what you pay but value is what you get. Its all well and good NHS managers picking a contractor and then washing their hands of the responsibility. When someone dies of an infection who should be responsible? Should it be the cleaner, cleaning supervisor, contractor manager, contractor director, or the person in the hospital responsible for contact with the contractor or some NHS manager?

What would the law have to say about this issue? I think we need to know as the person that ends up taking responsibility should know that they could be standing in some court some day. Maybe then infections will be reduced even more.

One of the crucial aspects in the modern world today in the realm of environment related research and development is eco friendly carpet cleaners. It has been observed by many experts in this particular field that there seems to be a definite increasing trend in awareness issues regarding the probable impacts on health in case of carpet cleaning (ill effects due to allergic reaction chemicals).

Most of the carpet cleaning service companies are not able to provide top quality eco friendly carpet cleaners, but a few selected organizations from these have, in recent years, effectively greened up their different products. If one requires his or her carpet to be cleaned properly and in a right manner (without harming the quality of the carpet) within a short span of time then he or she must take the initiative of calling up this kind of service provider and sort out the relevant queries. In case a service provider has got no concrete ideas regarding the composition of the eco friendly carpet cleaner, that whether it is chemical based or plant based, then they should not be approached to render services. Moreover, the point regarding high end systems for the proper treatment of transport wastewater after cleaning of the carpets must also be genuinely considered (making them free of allergic reaction chemicals).

But nowadays there are certain top class companies that are committed in providing eco friendly carpet cleaners. These companies take into account the potential harmful effects of using carpet cleaners that are not eco friendly (causing health hazards like asthma allergic reaction) and accordingly prepare their products with primary ingredient of natural solutions. A few examples of this type of companies are Simple Green, Capture, and Nature Clean etc. Moreover, there are a handful companies that provide even better quality eco friendly carpet cleaners when compared to those made up of ordinary natural solutions. One such company is the Chem Dry, that chiefly uses cleaning bubbles (carbonating) to remove the dirt from the carpet fibers. As per the claims of the company, it strictly adheres to avoiding any variety of harmful detergent or any type of enzyme solution that are responsible for causing asthma allergic reaction or itchy rash allergic reaction. Another company that provides quality eco friendly carpet cleaners is called Zoots that mainly has operations through dry cleaning stores.

Sum and substance, the core of the above discussion is the usage of eco friendly carpet cleaners in the domestic premises of millions of homes is quintessentially essential in order to safeguard a person of any age from unfortunate health hazards (like asthma allergic reaction).

Nowadays, microfibers are used to design sofas. This is because they are more durable and easy to maintain. The specialty of microfibers is that they are made of fabric that is so fine and it is impossible to calculate the strength it offers. So far, no other fabric used for upholstery offers the same quality of strength like microfibers. Moreover, these microfibers have an additional advantage. They sofa upholstery clean easily without causing any damage. There are many sofa   upholstery fabric cleaners available in the market. For example, Scotch Guard is a popular fabric stain proctor and using them is very simple. The lint roller can be lightly rolled on the surface of the fabric. Water does not harm microfibers and so they can be cleaned with a damp cloth also. If the sofa/upholstery has been soiled with pet urine and there is lot of bad odor emanating from the sofa then use a small amount of vinegar mixed with distilled water to clean the sofa. In fact, the procedure is very simple and the stains can be removed by blotting gently. After blotting, baking soda should be applied uniformly. This will remove the odor. Finally, use a vacuum cleaner on the sofa upholstery. Microfibers are strong enough to withstand such rough cleaning procedures. Steam sofa upholstery cleaning will also be effective for cleaning the sofa, especially if they are made of real microfibers.

A sofa or any other furniture is expensive. Maintaining them on a long term basis is the first and foremost thought that comes into your mind, particularly if you are buying a very expensive one. A sofa upholstery slip cover is a must for good furniture and they are prone to getting dirty but at the same time they will guarantee overall protection for the sofa. Normally, a sofa upholstery slip cover can be cleaned in the washing machine itself.  Expensive sofa upholstery slip covers require dry cleaning. While washing sofa upholstery slip covers at home precaution should be taken that they are subjected to the tortures of a dryer. Even by mistake if the sofa upholstery slip cover is put in the dryer the end result will be very disappointing.

If food, juices or any other item is spilled on the sofa upholstery, it is best to take immediate action.  The cleaning materials should be ready in your hand as soon as your sofa upholstery and any other upholstery are attacked. Immediate action is considered to be the best defense when you are facing an attack on your expensive sofa upholstery. Before the food or juice particle seeps into the cushion, wipe it off. Clean tissues and papers or some other type of blotting material should be used to prevent further spreading. Food stuff like peanut butter or jam can be gently lifted off without causing a smear by using a clean sponge. To scrape off the solid food particles use a gentle scraper such that it will not damage the surface of the furniture you are scrapping. For example, a playing card or a firm business card can be used to scrape gently and it does not harm the furniture.

In general, there might be a situation when you feel that the sofas upholstery and mattresses are always damp for some reason. It can due to several factors like climate and its proximity to bathroom. In that case it is better let your sofa upholstery take a sunbath. Though, not in the literal sense exposing the sofa upholstery or mattress to the sun will take away any moisture in it and will also kill all germs present in it. Care should be taken that it does not exposed for longer than an hour. This is because when the sofa upholstery are exposed to the sun for a long time their color will fade.

For leather sofa upholstery the coir or cotton inside does not get affected but it takes a lot to maintain the leather cover itself. For example, the greatest threat for a bean bag is oily food. These areas should be immediately wiped off with a damp cloth and warm water. If they are not taken care off then and there, the stain will remain permanently and rough washing to take out stains later may degrade the quality of leather. Use a gentle soap like Dove to clean the stains and use a dry cloth to finally wipe off.  Quick action is the first and foremost step to protect any sofa made of leather or fabric or any other material.  Suppose, if you spill milk on the sofa upholstery it will get soaked into the cotton in 10 seconds. First, it will damage the shape of your sofa upholstery and the cushion also will be lost. Moreover, the sofa upholstery will start emit bad odor.  If you are quick enough to push off the milk from the surface in 2 or 3 seconds once it has spilled then you can still save your sofa from all these dangers. Use a terry towel or good blotting tissues to wick up moisture that has already absorbed by the sofa upholstery .

To sofa it will cost you around £150 £250. It is cheap and worth the money spent. The quality of your upholstery is also important when the professional sofa upholstery cleaner decide the cost. If your upholstery has cotton for the most part then it is worth spending hundreds for cleaning it. There are two types of cleaning methods employed by professional sofa upholstery cleaners. They either use average clean or a restoration clean. When the sofa contains dark fibers then average clean will do well. If the sofa has light colors or it is absolutely white or creamy in color then the professionals will use restoration clean.  Upholstery that has light colors requires a lot of care and advanced techniques for cleaning them. Cleaning them also require a lot more time than upholsteries with dark colors. Sometimes the techniques used for cleaning dark and light color upholsteries are totally different from each other.  White upholsteries are delicate and you will notice that the cleaner in charge will take extra time to ensure that the cleaning process is done precisely.

Cat urine can be removed from carpets and rugs in a very easy method if you know some tips and tricks to make it easier. These are sometimes just some traditional gimmicks, like white vinegar cat urine for example, that have the efficiency of removing cat urine and all its effects from all kinds of carpets and rugs. Besides other cleaning solutions for cat urine, traditional or not, there is a great advantage to the white vinegar cat urine removing solution. This specific cat urine cleaning solution is reliable for the very reason that it is reliable both as effectiveness and as chemical action upon the carpet and rug that it is meant to action upon. Unlike other cleaning solutions that can be used for fighting this specific problem, the white vinegar cat urine remover is really considered as one of the most popular solutions and reliable variants.

The white vinegar cat urine solution is mainly based on the strong cleaning properties of vinegar. Pure vinegar is a deep cleanser but with mild properties for the carpet or rug material at the same time. So you may be sure that if you use the white vinegar cat urine solution you will not risk spoiling the colour of your carpet or rug under any circumstance.

The usage of the white vinegar cat urine cleanser is very accessible and simple. The only thing you should bear in mind is that the whole mixture you apply on the carpet needs to be mixed with water but you should pay attention to the concentration of white vinegar cat urine solution, so as to make sure the result will come out as desired. This solution has hence proven its efficiency many times, especially on natural material carpets, like linen or cotton ones for example.

Regarding the risk that this kind of cat urine cleanser may have upon the carpet you are applying it to, you should also note the fact that white vinegar cat urine is among the solutions with the fewest risks for the texture or colour of the carpet, and that is why most of the ones who faced this problem at least once have tested the great efficiency and immediate effect of it. Besides the efficient and effective result of white vinegar cat urine solution, there is also the cost factor that needs to be taken into account. The solution has become so popular as a result of the cheap and accessible costs that it involves. In fact, the only things you need in order to use the white vinegar cat urine solutions are the vinegar and the water, and one of the most important things to take into account when it comes to the efficiency of it is the concentration of solution and the equal mixture of water and vinegar quantity inside the solution.

All in all, the white vinegar cat urine solution represents one of the basic traditional solutions that has proven its efficiency both as stain and smell problems that it causes.